Synchronized Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Black Cumin

Black cumin ( Nigella sativa ) is an important medicinal plant in the pharmacological industry. It cultivated on a commercial scale, but its seeds have slow, unsynchronized germination rate. Enhancing seed crucial for improving production of black cumin. The influence presowing treatments [gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), potassium nitrate, salicylic acid, and stratification at 4 °C] was assessed. Seed determined daily 30 days, parameters, including final percentage (FGP), corrected rate, number days to reach 50% FGP, seedling length vigor index, were evaluated. Endogenous contents GA abscisic (ABA) nonstratified stratified estimated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) growth 45-day-old seedlings. All tended boost early first 10 compared with control. Low concentrations 0.25 g·L −1 also increased FGP (80%) control group (65.55%). Stratification weeks provided greatest value 95.56%, proved be most effective treatment optimal growth. Sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns revealed alteration intensities 13 bands appearance new band (180 kDa) indicating change synthesis proteins during stratification. Moreover, modulated endogenous ABA seeds, which alleviated physiological dormancy resulted high synchronized germination.